Often relegated to the damp corners of basements and crawl spaces, sump pumps guard your home against the perennial threat of water damage. However robust and reliable, like all mechanical devices they are not immune to problems. Yes, we know—troubleshooting a sump pump can be daunting and sometimes even feel impossible. That’s why this guide aims to demystify the process.
By the end, you’ll know how to:
- keep your sump pump in optimal functioning condition,
- perform a minor DIY if necessary,
- and when to call professionals to prevent flooding.
Understanding Your Sump Pump
A sump pump is a relatively straightforward instrument, but its importance cannot be overstated. Typically installed in a sump basin —the lowest part of a basement or crawlspace—it detects water levels and pumps excess water away from your home.
The system comprises several key components:
- Sump Basin (Pit): This is where water collects, the reservoir for the sump pump.
- Pump: The central unit responsible for moving water from the basin to the discharge pipe.
- Float Switch: A mechanism that activates the pump when the water reaches a specific level, ensuring the pump operates only when necessary.
- Discharge Pipe: The conduit through which water is expelled from your home, usually directed to a safe distance from the foundation.
Sump Pump Troubleshooting: 7 Common Problems
1. Pump Fails To Activate
CAUSES
Power failure is our prime suspect — we’ll get back to this in detail. Equally common is an issue with the float switch. If it becomes stuck due to debris or mechanical failure, it won’t signal the pump to start. Additionally, debris accumulation in the sump basin can obstruct the float switch’s movement, preventing activation.
Another potential cause is a defective or improperly adjusted float switch. If set too high, it may not activate the pump even when water levels are rising. A jammed impeller can also prevent activation. In other cases, the pump motor may have burned out, especially if the pump has been overworked due to improper sizing or continuous running.
SYMPTOMS
When this happens, the symptoms are usually evident. Water levels in the sump basin rise unchecked, and there’s an ominous silence from the pump.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
Start by ensuring the pump is connected to a power source and also check the circuit breaker. Next, inspect the float switch, removing any debris that might be impeding its function. If the switch itself is faulty, you might need to replace it to restore proper pump function. Additionally, check for any mechanical issues within the pump and ensure it’s the correct size for your needs to prevent overworking.
PREVENTION TIP: Regular cleaning of the sump basin ensures the free movement of the float switch.
2. Pump Has No Power
CAUSES
A sump pump without power is a silent threat, especially during a deluge. Electrical issues, such as a tripped circuit breaker or faulty wiring, are common culprits. If your sump pump includes a battery backup, a dead or defective battery can also leave you without protection. Additionally, internal pump components can fail, rendering the unit powerless.
SYMPTOMS
These are straightforward—inactivity despite rising water levels and a lack of operational noise.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
Address this by checking all electrical connections and ensuring the circuit breaker is not tripped. If internal components are at fault, a professional inspection can diagnose and fix these issues, restoring your pump to working order.
PREVENTION TIP: Have a battery backup, test it regularly, and replace it as necessary.
3. Pump Runs Continuously
CAUSES
A sump pump that never stops running can be as problematic as one that doesn’t start at all. This situation might indicate a faulty float switch that fails to signal the pump to turn off. Alternatively, if the pump is undersized for the volume of water it’s expected to handle, it may continue running in a futile effort to keep up. Speaking of the undersized: A sump pit too small for the volume of water collected will cause the pump to run excessively, eventually leading to burnout.
Another potential culprit is a malfunctioning check valve, which can allow expelled water to flow back into the sump basin, forcing the pump to operate perpetually.
SYMPTOMS
You will notice either non-stop pump operation or a substantial increase in electricity consumption—whichever comes first.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
To address the issue, you may need to replace the float switch or upgrade to a larger pump if the existing one is inadequate.
PREVENTION TIP: Inspecting and potentially replacing the check valve can prevent water from re-entering the basin, thereby reducing unnecessary pump activity.
4. Pump Makes Unusual Noises
CAUSES
Unusual noises emanating from your sump pump often signal trouble. Debris caught in the impeller is a frequent cause of such sounds. However, they can range from grinding and rattling to excessive vibration, and what’s worse, each sound indicates different problems.
SYMPTOMS
Over time, the pump’s bearings can wear out, leading to grinding noises. Additionally, improper installation can induce excessive vibration, causing the pump to rattle against the basin or surrounding structures.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
If you hear strange noises from your sump pump, do not hesitate. Investigate promptly. Clear any debris from the impeller to eliminate potential obstructions. If the bearings are worn, they probably require replacing: a task you might manage with a bit of DIY know-how or by hiring a professional if you don’t.
PREVENTION TIP: Ensuring the pump is securely installed can also mitigate vibrations and associated noise.
5. Pump Works But Doesn’t Remove Water
CAUSES
When a sump pump fails to remove water effectively, it undermines its very purpose, leaving your basement vulnerable to flooding. This inefficiency can be caused by several factors, such as a frozen or clogged discharge pipe obstructing water flow, an underpowered pump struggling to cope with high water volume, or improper installation affecting the pump’s performance.
SYMPTOMS
Persistent water in the sump basin and occasional flooding in the basement.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
To resolve this, evaluate whether your pump’s capacity matches your home’s needs; if it doesn’t, upgrade it to a more powerful model. Also, inspect the check valve to see whether the arrow is pointing in the correct direction. If the check valve is stuck in the closed position, open it manually.
Turn off the power and inspect the impeller; replace it if the blades are worn or broken. Inspect the discharge line for leaks and repair any found to prevent water from returning to the basin.
PREVENTION TIP: Regularly inspect and clean the discharge pipe to avert blockages.
6. Sump Pump Stops Before Finishing The Drainage
CAUSES
This issue can be attributed to several factors. One common cause is an improperly adjusted float switch. If the float switch is set too low, it will signal the pump to shut off before the basin is fully drained. Another potential cause is overheating. Sump pumps are equipped with thermal overload protection that shuts the pump down if it overheats, which can happen if the pump runs for extended periods or is clogged with debris.
SYMPTOMS
The pump stops working while there is still water in the basin, leading to incomplete drainage and potential water damage.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
To address this, start by adjusting the float switch to ensure it is set at the correct height. That step alone can often resolve the problem. However, if the problem persists, it may indicate that the pump is not the right size for your needs and requires upgrading.
PREVENTION TIP: Clean the pump and sump basin regularly to prevent debris from causing the pump to overheat.
7. Your Sump Pump Smells
CAUSES
A foul smell from your sump pump can indicate several issues, primarily related to stagnant water or bacterial growth. This problem often arises when the pump is infrequently used or when organic material accumulates in the sump basin. Additionally, a dry trap in the discharge line can allow sewer gas to seep into your home.
SYMPTOMS
Well… you will smell the issue.
SUMP PUMP TROUBLESHOOTING
Clean the sump basin thoroughly to remove debris or organic material that could be causing the smell. Ensure that the basin is regularly cleaned to prevent future buildup. If the pump is not used frequently, consider periodically adding a small amount of bleach to the basin to kill bacteria and neutralize odors.
Additionally, check the discharge line for any blockages or leaks. If the trap is dry, pour water into it to create a barrier that prevents sewer gas from entering your home.
PREVENTION TIP: Regular maintenance and cleaning will keep your sump pump odor-free.
When To Call A Professional
While many sump pump issues can be addressed with DIY troubleshooting, some require professional expertise.
Persistent Issues
Constant failures often indicate underlying problems that demand a thorough inspection and professional repair.
Complex Repairs
Certain repairs, such as electrical issues or internal component failures, are best handled by professionals. Attempting to handle those without proper knowledge can be dangerous and may result in further damage.
Installation Of New System
Professional installation ensures optimal performance and longevity. Experts can recommend the right pump for your needs and install it correctly, providing long-term protection for your home.
Maintaining A Well-functioning Sump Pump Is Essential For Protecting Your Home From Water Damage.
To request a quote for professional sump pump installation, repair, or maintenance services, visit our contact page. Your home’s protection is our priority!
